Makko Alex

“Enhanced Analysis to Support Application of Risk‐based Disturbance Thresholds for Regional Boreal Caribou Range Planning and Action Planning”.

utilization distributions

Annual-range size and path lengths varied significantly among ecotypes, including mountain woodland caribou (R. t. caribou), and reflected behavioral differences.

Changes in calving-ground use over time by subpopulations would, by some definitions, require designation of new subpopulations rather than recognizing the relocation of existing ones.

Theoretical and empirical evidence indicates that population types range from ‘‘classical closed populations to interacting systems of subpopulations.

‘we cannot assign an individual to the population unless we have defined the population and we cannot define the population until we have assigned all of the individuals.’’ Without an unambiguous definition, ‘‘we can only sample an area, and our sample cannot be assumed to be representative of more

An east–west cline in annual-range sizes and path lengths among migratory barren-ground subpopulations likely reflected differences in subpopulation size and habitat conditions and further supported the subpopulation structure identified.

They should be classified by annual spatial affiliation among females. Annual-range size and path lengths varied significantly among ecotypes, including mountain woodland caribou (R. t. caribou), and reflected behavioral differences.

One barren-ground subpopulation used two calving grounds, and one calving ground was used by two barren-ground subpopulations, indicating that these caribou cannot be reliably assigned to subpopulations solely by calving-ground use.

Robust subpopulations were structured by strong annual spatial affiliation among females; subpopulations organized as individuals were structured by migratory connectivity, barriers to movement, and/or habitat discontinuity.