Measures

The measures in the questionnaire included demographics, a measure of symbolic threat (Gonzalez et al., 2008), a measure of realistic threat (Gonzalez et al., 2008), a measure of negative stereotypes (Gonzalez et al., 2008), a measure of prejudice (Stephan & Stephan, 2000), and a measure of contact (both quality and quantity) adapted from Gonzalez et al. (2008). The survey was originally prepared in English and then translated/back-translated into Finnish by native speakers of Finnish-English. See Table 1 for the means, standard deviations, correlations, alphas, and kappas for the study variables.